Diesel pump or as it is frequently known an injection pump usually is used to fuel a diesel engine, injection pumps can be used to supply fuel to a petrol motor also.
A diesel pump, in the early engines, would have been powered by the engine using a connection directly to the engines crankshaft. The diesel pump will be timed to inject the diesel into the engine at the exact time throughout the pistons stroke.
Typically a diesel engine in your standard car, van or lorry will be of the four stroke variety, larger engines used in ships and big machinery will frequently be of the two-stroke type to increase fuel performance. Two-stroke engines you would usually find in a strimmer or model car, of course these use gasoline to operate.
The main variation with a two-stroke engine is that the primary and ultimate strokes are carried out simultaneously, this has the result of drastically increasing performance at the price of a dirtier exhaust. Another gain is that two-stroke engines can be easily run in reverse, providing a reverse function without the need for complicated gearing mechanisms.
In the modern engine there are two key sorts of diesel engine, those are the common rail diesel engine and the electronic unit direct injection.
An electronic unit direct injection assembly combines the injector and diesel pump into a singe part, the diesel pump is, generally, still driven by the engine. An Overhead Camshaft (OHC) drives the diesel pumps and injectors, this is an assembly sat on top of the motor and connected directly to the engines main cam shaft by chain, or more commonly nowadays, a belt.
The common rail diesel engine consist of a high pressured fuel rail, basically a manifold, supplying separate diesel fuel injectors versus the diesel pump delivering fuel directly to the fuel injectors.
As declared, above, your recent diesel engine works on a four stroke sequence. You might have heard this termed the Otto cycle after the inventor of the petrol engine, Nikolaus August Otto in 1876. A few years later Rudolf Diesel arrived and, wanting to construct a more fuel efficient motor, came up with the diesel engine in 1892.
Diesel engines have been a bit sluggish on the up-take, for the regular everyday van, mainly due to their reputation of being noisy and smelly. Clearly this is altering as modern technology makes the diesel engine a more palatable resolution to our current transportation woes.
The four separate events or strokes in a mainstream four stroke diesel engine are as follows:
The Intake Stroke: As the piston reaches the top of it's stroke and begins to move downward the air intake valve is opened, this has the result of air being drawn in as the piston moves down.
The Compression Stroke: As the piston hits the bottom of it's stroke the air intake valve will seal, as the outlet valve is also closed the air contained in the piston chamber is compressed as the piston moves back up the shaft.
The Combustion Stroke: As the piston hits the peak of the compression stroke gas is injected at the exact moment by the diesel pump and as the piston is fractionally past the top of the upward phase of the compression stroke the diesel to compressed air mixture is ignited. This is where the energy to drive the vehicle is generated, the piston is forced downward driving the engine.
The Exhaust Stroke: During the pistons last upward stroke the outlet valve is opened and the gases produced from the ignition of the air to fuel combination is expelled out and into the exhaust mechanism. At the end of this stroke the four strokes are complete and the entire process starts again from the beginning.
One downside to diesel fuel versus petrol is when used in very wintry climates. Diesel will start to freeze at a higher temperature than petrol, this will start off by the diesel becoming thicker and waxy, obviously this will impede the good running of any diesel engine. One trick is to put a small amount of petrol into the diesel fuel combination to help lower the freezing point of the overall mixture.
This also has the additional benefit of making the overall mixture more combustible, although too high a mixture can damage a diesel engine, even small quantities of petrol in a common rail engine can cause serious problems so seek advice from an experienced mechanic before varying your fuel mixture.
Another trouble that can be straightforwardly spotted is if your diesel pump is not working, this has the effect of reduced fuel supply or pressure to the fuel mechanism. Key indicators are a failure of the engine to start, a lumpy or loud ignition, or a high pitched whining coming from the motor. You will probably also spot a lack of efficiency when applying the throttle.
If any of these scenarios occur it would be highly recommended to get your automobile tested by a mechanic who may need to supply you a new diesel pump.
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